Prevalence Of Glycosuria, Its Correlates, And Newly Diagnosed Hyperglycaemia Among First-Time Attendees In A Family Medicine Clinic In Nigeria

Abstract

Background:  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a pressing global health issue that impacts severely on developing regions, with many undiagnosed cases owing to inadequate healthcare.  One of the key markers of Diabetes is glycosuria, which can serve as an early indication of diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, especially in primary care. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of glycosuria and newly diagnosed hyperglycemia among first-time attendees of a family practice clinic in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria and identify the factors that affect their occurrence.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of new patients at the Family medicine clinic, selected using systematic sampling and underwent a point-of-care- testing (POCT) of their urine and blood glucose. Semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data and subsequently analysed.
Results: A total of 380 respondents, with a female preponderance (71.1%) were studied. Prevalence of newly diagnosed glycosuria was 6.3%, hyperglycemia was 26.1%, and newly diagnosed DM was 28.4%. Glycosuria was seen more in males (12.7%), age group ≥60 years (11.8%), married people (11.0%), civil/public servants (13.0%), overweight individuals (11.0%) and Stage 3 Hypertension (16.7%). Statistically significant associations were with occupation (p = .02, X2 =18.355), and alcohol usage ( p = .005). Highest hyperglycemia prevalence of 34.5% was recorded in females, artisans (36.6%), overweight individuals (35.4%), Stage 3 hypertension (43.9%), and significant levels (51.5%) in those >60 years (p=.004) and history of hypertension (p <.001).
Conclusion:  POCT of urine and blood glucose for first-time attendees in primary care is needed for early detection of glucosuria and hyperglycemia as pointers to DM, especially in the elderly and those with co-morbidities. Lifestyle changes will help curb this rising prevalence in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.